Admin Functions
COPY .. FROM ..
COPY .. TO ..
current_setting
pg_cancel_backend
pg_column_size
pg_database_size
pg_relation_size
pg_size_pretty
pg_tablespace_size
pg_total_relation_size
set_config
vacuum analyze verbose
vacuum full
Common Functions
cast,  ::
coalesce
generate_series
greatest
least
nullif
random
Sequence (Serial) Functions
currval
lastval
nextval
String Functions
||
ascii
chr
initcap
length
lower
lpad
ltrim
md5
position
quote_ident
quote_literal
regexp_matches
regexp_replace
regexp_split_to_array
regexp_split_to_table
repeat
replace
rpad
rtrim
split_part
strpos
substr
trim
upper
Database Globals
current_date	 	 
current_time 	 
current_timestamp
current_user
localtime
Date Functions
age	 	  	 
date_part(text, timestamp)
 century
 day
 decade
 dow
 doy
 epoch
 hour
 month
 quarter
 second
 week
 year
date_trunc
extract
interval
to_char
to_date
to_timestamp
Date Predicates
overlaps
Array Constructs
ANY(array)
ARRAY[[4,5,6],..]
ARRAY()
array_append
array_cat
array_dims
array_lower
array_prepend
array_to_string
array_upper
SOME(array)
string_to_array
Array Operators
= 
<> 
< 
>
<=
||
Math Operators
% , ^, |/ 
||/,!, !! 
@, &, |
#,~, << 
>>
Math Functions
This is a subset
abs
cbrt
ceiling
degrees
exp
floor
log
ln
mod
pi
power
radians
random
sqrt
trunc
Trig Functions
acos
asin
atan
atan2
cos
cot
sin
tan
Command Line
pg_dump
pg_dumpall
pg_restore
psql
JOIN Types
CROSS JOIN
EXCEPT (ALL)
FULL JOIN
[INNER] JOIN
INTERSECT (ALL)
LEFT JOIN
NATURAL JOIN
RIGHT JOIN
UNION (ALL)
SQL Keywords
BETWEEN .. AND
CASE WHEN .. END
DELETE FROM
DISTINCT
DISTINCT ON
EXISTS
FROM
GROUP BY
HAVING
ILIKE
IN(..)
LIKE
LIMIT ..OFFSET
NOT
NOT IN(..)
NULLS FIRST1
NULLS LAST1
ORDER BY
SELECT
SET
SIMILAR TO
TRUNCATE TABLE
UPDATE
USING
WHERE
Aggregates
avg
bit_and
bit_or
boolean_and
boolean_or
count
count(DISTINCT)
every
max
min
stddev
stddev_pop (a bunch more)
sum
sum(DISTINCT)
variance
xml_agg1
DDL
ADD CONSTRAINT
CREATE AGGREGATE
CREATE CAST
CREATE (DEFAULT) CONVERSION
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE DOMAIN
CREATE [OR REPLACE] FUNCTION
CREATE (UNIQUE) INDEX
CREATE LANGUAGE
CREATE OPERATOR
CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY 1
CREATE ROLE
CREATE RULE
CREATE SCHEMA
CREATE SEQUENCE
CREATE TABLE
CREATE TABLESPACE
ALTER TABLE
CREATE TYPE
CREATE [OR REPLACE] VIEW
DROP [object]

Enums 1
> < <= >= =
enum_cmp
enum_first
enum_larger
enum_last
enum_range
enum_smaller
XML 1
database_to_xml
database_to_xmlschema
query_to_xml
query_to_xml_and_xmlschema
table_to_xml
xmlattributes
xmlcomment
xmlconcat
xmlelement
xmlforest
xpath
xmlpi
xmlroot
Languages
c
pljava
plpgsql
plperl(u)
plphp
plproxy
plpython
plr
plruby
plsh
pltcl
sql
Key information_schema Views
columns
sequences
tables
views
Key pg_catalog Tables/Views
pg_class
pg_rules
pg_settings
pg_stat_activity
pg_stat_database
pg_tablespaces
Large Object
Server
lo_creat
lo_create
lo_export
lo_import
lo_unlink
Client
lo_close
lo_creat
lo_create
lo_export
lo_import
lo_lseek
lo_open
lo_read
lo_tell
lo_unlink
lo_write
Official PostgreSQL 8.3 Documentation URL: http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.3/static/
We cover only a subset of what we feel are the most useful constructs that we could squash in a single cheatsheet page
commonly used
1 New in this release.

Data Types

Below are common data types with common alternative names.
Note: There are many more and one can define new types with create type. All table structures create an implicit type struct as well.

datatype[] - e.g. varchar(50)[] (defines an array of a type)
bit
boolean
bytea
character varying(length) - varchar(length)
character(length) - char(length)
date
enum 1
double precision - float4 float8
integer - int4
bigint - int8
numeric(length,precision)
oid
serial - serial4
bigserial - serial8
text
time without timezone - time
time with timezone - timez
timestamp without timezone - timestamp
timestamp with timezone - timestampz
xml 1

Admin Examples

select pg_size_pretty(pg_tablespace_size('pg_default')) as tssize, 
	pg_size_pretty(pg_database_size('somedb')) as dbsize, 
	pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size('someschema.sometable')) as tblsize;

--Example importing data to table sometable
--from tab delimited where NULLs appear as NULL	
COPY sometable FROM "/path/to/textfile.txt" USING DELIMITERS '\t' WITH NULL As 'NULL';

--Example exporting a query to a comma separated (CSV) called textfile.csv
--setting NULLS to text NULL
COPY (SELECT * FROM sometable WHERE somevalue LIKE '%') TO '/path/to/textfile.csv' 
 WITH NULL As 'NULL' CSV HEADER QUOTE AS '"';

vacuum analyze verbose; vacuum sometable; vacuum full;
--Kills all active queries in selected db and list out process id --and usename of process and if kill successful SELECT procpid, usename, pg_cancel_backend(procpid) FROM pg_stat_activity WHERE datname = 'somedb';

JOIN EXAMPLES

SELECT o.order_id, o.order_date, o.approved_date,
 COUNT(i.item_id) As nlineitems, 
 SUM(i.unit_price*i.num_units) As total
FROM orders o 
 INNER JOIN orderitems i ON o.order_id = i.order_id
GROUP BY o.order_id, o.order_date, o.approved_date
HAVING SUM(i.unit_price*i.num_units) > 200
ORDER BY o.approved_date NULLS FIRST;
SELECT 'x' As bucket, o.order_id, o.order_date, 
 COUNT(i.item_id) As nlineitems, 
 SUM(i.unit_price*i.num_units) As total
FROM xorders o 
 INNER JOIN xorderitems i ON o.order_id = i.order_id
GROUP BY o.order_id, o.order_date
UNION ALL
SELECT 'y' as bucket, o.order_id, o.order_date, 
 COUNT(i.item_id) As nlineitems, 
 SUM(i.unit_price*i.num_units) As total
FROM yorders o 
 INNER JOIN yorderitems i ON o.order_id = i.order_id
GROUP BY o.order_id, o.order_date
ORDER BY 1,3,2;

DDL Examples

CREATE DATABASE somedb 
 WITH OWNER = somelogin
 ENCODING = 'WIN1252';
CREATE TABLE orders(
  order_id serial NOT NULL,
  order_addeddt timestamp without time zone,
  order_rating rating,
  CONSTRAINT pk_orders_order_id PRIMARY KEY (order_id)
)
WITH (OIDS=FALSE);
CREATE TYPE rating AS 
 ENUM('none', 'bronze', 'silver', 
 	'gold', 'platinum');
CREATE AGGREGATE sum(text) (
  SFUNC=textcat,
  STYPE=text
);
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION cp_test(somearg integer)
  RETURNS SETOF sometable AS
$$SELECT * FROM sometable where msg_id = $1;$$
  LANGUAGE 'sql' STABLE;

Update/Insert/Delete Examples

UPDATE sometable
 SET somevalue = 5
 WHERE sometable.somename = 'stuff';
UPDATE sometable
 SET calccount = s.thecount
  FROM (SELECT COUNT(someothertable.someid) as thecount, 
    someothertable.someid 
    FROM someothertable 
     GROUP BY someothertable.someid) s
   WHERE sometable.someid = s.someid;
--This only works on 8.1+ --
INSERT INTO orders(order_addeddt, order_rating)
 VALUES ('2007-10-01 20:40', 'gold'), 
 ('2007-09-01 11:00 AM', 'silver'), 
   ('2007-09-02 10:00 PM', 'none'), 
   ('2007-10-10 PM', 'bronze');
--Pre 8.1+ only supports single values inserts
INSERT INTO orders(order_addeddt, order_rating)
 VALUES ('2007-10-01 20:40', 'gold');
DELETE FROM sometable
 WHERE somevalue = 'something';
--This is a fast delete that deletes everything in a table so be cautious.  
--Also only works on tables not referenced in foreign key contraints
TRUNCATE TABLE sometable;

MISCELLANEOUS EXAMPLES

--Enum range query using enum defined above - returns all orders in (bronze, silver, gold) 
--Sorts in order bronze, silver, gold.  Keep in mind if you reverse gold and bronze you get nothing
SELECT *
	FROM orders
	WHERE order_rating 
	BETWEEN 'bronze' AND 'gold'
	ORDER BY order_rating;


SELECT monthperiod.*, array_to_string(ARRAY(SELECT (d + 1)::varchar(20) FROM generate_series(0,30) d WHERE monthperiod.start_date + (d || ' day')::interval BETWEEN monthperiod.start_date AND monthperiod.end_date), ',') as thedays FROM (SELECT (n + 1) As mnum, trim(to_char(date '2007-01-01' + (n || ' month')::interval, 'Mon')) As short_mname, trim(to_char(date '2007-01-01' + (n || ' month')::interval, 'Month')) As long_mname, date '2007-01-01' + (n || ' month')::interval As start_date, date '2007-01-01' + ((n + 1) || ' month')::interval + - '1 day'::interval As end_date FROM generate_series(0,11) n) As monthperiod; EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT * FROM sometable;

Command Line Examples

These are located in bin folder of PostgreSQL
To get more info about each do a --help e.g. psql --help

pg_dump -i -h someserver -p 5432 -U someuser -F c -b -v -f "\somepath\somedb.backup" somedb
pg_dumpall -i -h someserver -p 5432 -U someuser -c -o -f "\somepath\alldbs.sql"
pg_restore -i -h someserver -p 5432 -U someuser -d somedb -l "\somepath\somedb.backup"
psql -h someserver -p 5432 -U someuser -d somedb -f "\somepath\somefiletorun.sql"
psql -h someserver -p 5432 -U someuser -d somedb -c "CREATE TABLE sometable(st_id serial, st_name varchar(25))"
1New XML feature - output query as xml 
-P "t" only output rows
psql -h someserver -p 5432 -U someuser -d somedb -P "t" -c "SELECT query_to_xml('select * from sometable', false, false, 'sometable')" -o "outputfile.xml";
http://www.postgresonline.com