In this exercise, we'll go thru installing PostgreSQL 9.3 on a CentOS 6 64-bit box. We'll cover upgrading in a later article. For the rest of this article, we'll go over configuring yum to use the PostgreSQL PGDG Yum repository found at http://yum.postgresql.org , which has the latest and greatest of 9.3. It's been a while since we wrote step by step instructions for installing with Yum.
Last we did was An almost idiot's guide to Install PostgreSQL 9.0 with Yum which is now very dated.
The list of latest PostgreSQL versions and repos for Fedora 18-20, Red Hat 5-6, CentOS 5-6, and Scientific Linux 5-6 are located at http://yum.postgresql.org/repopackages.php.
First run
uname -a Linux 30266-3-2358424 2.6.32-358.2.1.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Mar 13 00:26:49 UTC 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux so I know its a 64-bit because of the X86_64 at the end. cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 6.4 (Final)
sudo rpm -ivh http://yum.postgresql.org/9.3/redhat/rhel-6-x86_64/pgdg-centos93-9.3-1.noarch.rpmsudo yum list | grep postgresql should give you entries that look something like below and the ones we want are marked with pgdg93.
bacula-director-postgresql.x86_64 5.0.0-12.el6 base bacula-storage-postgresql.x86_64 5.0.0-12.el6 base freeradius-postgresql.x86_64 2.1.12-4.el6_3 base postgresql.i686 8.4.20-1.el6_5 updates postgresql.x86_64 8.4.20-1.el6_5 updates postgresql-contrib.x86_64 8.4.20-1.el6_5 updates postgresql-devel.i686 8.4.20-1.el6_5 updates postgresql-devel.x86_64 8.4.20-1.el6_5 updates postgresql-docs.x86_64 8.4.20-1.el6_5 updates postgresql-jdbc.noarch 8.4.701-8.el6 base postgresql-libs.i686 8.4.20-1.el6_5 updates postgresql-libs.x86_64 8.4.20-1.el6_5 updates postgresql-odbc.x86_64 08.04.0200-1.el6 base postgresql-plperl.x86_64 8.4.20-1.el6_5 updates postgresql-plpython.x86_64 8.4.20-1.el6_5 updates postgresql-pltcl.x86_64 8.4.20-1.el6_5 updates postgresql-server.x86_64 8.4.20-1.el6_5 updates postgresql-test.x86_64 8.4.20-1.el6_5 updates postgresql93.x86_64 9.3.4-1PGDG.rhel6 pgdg93 postgresql93-contrib.x86_64 9.3.4-1PGDG.rhel6 pgdg93 postgresql93-debuginfo.x86_64 9.3.4-1PGDG.rhel6 pgdg93 postgresql93-devel.x86_64 9.3.4-1PGDG.rhel6 pgdg93 postgresql93-docs.x86_64 9.3.4-1PGDG.rhel6 pgdg93 postgresql93-jdbc.x86_64 9.3.1100-1PGDG.rhel6 pgdg93 postgresql93-jdbc-debuginfo.x86_64 9.3.1100-1PGDG.rhel6 pgdg93 postgresql93-libs.x86_64 9.3.4-1PGDG.rhel6 pgdg93 postgresql93-odbc.x86_64 09.02.0100-1PGDG.rhel6 pgdg93 postgresql93-odbc-debuginfo.x86_64 09.02.0100-1PGDG.rhel6 pgdg93 postgresql93-plperl.x86_64 9.3.4-1PGDG.rhel6 pgdg93 postgresql93-plpython.x86_64 9.3.4-1PGDG.rhel6 pgdg93 postgresql93-pltcl.x86_64 9.3.4-1PGDG.rhel6 pgdg93 postgresql93-server.x86_64 9.3.4-1PGDG.rhel6 pgdg93 postgresql93-test.x86_64 9.3.4-1PGDG.rhel6 pgdg93 postgresql_autodoc.noarch 1.41-1.rhel6 pgdg93 qt-postgresql.i686 1:4.6.2-28.el6_5 updates qt-postgresql.x86_64 1:4.6.2-28.el6_5 updates
yum list | grep pgdg93. This lists the core PostgreSQL offering and packaged PostgreSQL
extensions. I've snipped the list a bit to show just extensions we often install:
pgrouting_93.x86_64 2.0.0-1.rhel6 pgdg93 pgrouting_93-debuginfo.x86_64 2.0.0-1.rhel6 pgdg93 pgxnclient.x86_64 1.2.1-1.rhel6 pgdg93 : : plv8_93.x86_64 1.4.1-1.rhel6 pgdg93 plv8_93-debuginfo.x86_64 1.4.1-1.rhel6 pgdg93 postgis2_93.x86_64 2.1.1-1.rhel6 pgdg93 postgis2_93-client.x86_64 2.1.1-1.rhel6 pgdg93 postgis2_93-debuginfo.x86_64 2.1.1-1.rhel6 pgdg93 postgis2_93-devel.x86_64 2.1.1-1.rhel6 pgdg93 postgis2_93-docs.x86_64 2.1.1-1.rhel6 pgdg93 postgis2_93-utils.x86_64 2.1.1-1.rhel6 pgdg93 postgresql93.x86_64 9.3.4-1PGDG.rhel6 pgdg93 postgresql93-contrib.x86_64 9.3.4-1PGDG.rhel6 pgdg93 postgresql93-debuginfo.x86_64 9.3.4-1PGDG.rhel6 pgdg93 postgresql93-devel.x86_64 9.3.4-1PGDG.rhel6 pgdg93 postgresql93-docs.x86_64 9.3.4-1PGDG.rhel6 pgdg93 postgresql93-jdbc.x86_64 9.3.1100-1PGDG.rhel6 pgdg93 postgresql93-jdbc-debuginfo.x86_64 9.3.1100-1PGDG.rhel6 pgdg93 postgresql93-libs.x86_64 9.3.4-1PGDG.rhel6 pgdg93 postgresql93-odbc.x86_64 09.02.0100-1PGDG.rhel6 pgdg93 postgresql93-odbc-debuginfo.x86_64 09.02.0100-1PGDG.rhel6 pgdg93 postgresql93-plperl.x86_64 9.3.4-1PGDG.rhel6 pgdg93 postgresql93-plpython.x86_64 9.3.4-1PGDG.rhel6 pgdg93 postgresql93-pltcl.x86_64 9.3.4-1PGDG.rhel6 pgdg93 postgresql93-server.x86_64 9.3.4-1PGDG.rhel6 pgdg93 postgresql93-test.x86_64 9.3.4-1PGDG.rhel6 pgdg93
We usually install the below. The devel is optional but needed if you want to compile some other add on later like non-packaged extensions.
yum install postgresql93 postgresql93-server postgresql93-libs postgresql93-contrib postgresql93-develDependencies Resolved ============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================ Installing: postgresql93 x86_64 9.3.4-1PGDG.rhel6 pgdg93 1.0 M postgresql93-contrib x86_64 9.3.4-1PGDG.rhel6 pgdg93 483 k postgresql93-devel x86_64 9.3.4-1PGDG.rhel6 pgdg93 1.5 M postgresql93-libs x86_64 9.3.4-1PGDG.rhel6 pgdg93 190 k postgresql93-server x86_64 9.3.4-1PGDG.rhel6 pgdg93 4.1 M Installing for dependencies: libxslt x86_64 1.1.26-2.el6_3.1 base 452 k uuid x86_64 1.6.1-10.el6 base 54 k Transaction Summary ============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================ Install 7 Package(s) Total download size: 7.7 M Installed size: 32 M Is this ok [y/N]:
It should then download the packages and install them with a Complete! exclamation when done.
PostGIS unfortunately has a lot of dependencies because of GDAL and JSON dependency introduced in 2.0 and while most of the time it's as easy as adding:
sudo yum install postgis2_93
It often is not. As with this virgin box we tried installing on we got these errors:
Error: Package: gdal-libs-1.9.2-4.el6.x86_64 (pgdg93)
Requires: libcfitsio.so.0()(64bit)
Error: Package: gdal-libs-1.9.2-4.el6.x86_64 (pgdg93)
Requires: libspatialite.so.2()(64bit)
Error: Package: gdal-libs-1.9.2-4.el6.x86_64 (pgdg93)
Requires: libnetcdf.so.6()(64bit)
Error: Package: gdal-libs-1.9.2-4.el6.x86_64 (pgdg93)
Requires: libfreexl.so.1()(64bit)
Error: Package: postgis2_93-client-2.1.1-1.rhel6.x86_64 (pgdg93)
Requires: libjson.so.0()(64bit)
Error: Package: gdal-libs-1.9.2-4.el6.x86_64 (pgdg93)
Requires: libarmadillo.so.3()(64bit)
Error: Package: postgis2_93-2.1.1-1.rhel6.x86_64 (pgdg93)
Requires: hdf5
Error: Package: postgis2_93-2.1.1-1.rhel6.x86_64 (pgdg93)
Requires: json-c
Error: Package: gdal-libs-1.9.2-4.el6.x86_64 (pgdg93)
Requires: libhdf5.so.6()(64bit)
Error: Package: gdal-libs-1.9.2-4.el6.x86_64 (pgdg93)
Requires: libdap.so.11()(64bit)
Error: Package: gdal-libs-1.9.2-4.el6.x86_64 (pgdg93)
Requires: libCharLS.so.1()(64bit)
Error: Package: gdal-libs-1.9.2-4.el6.x86_64 (pgdg93)
Requires: libdapserver.so.7()(64bit)
Error: Package: gdal-libs-1.9.2-4.el6.x86_64 (pgdg93)
Requires: libdapclient.so.3()(64bit)
Error: Package: postgis2_93-2.1.1-1.rhel6.x86_64 (pgdg93)
Requires: libjson.so.0()(64bit)
Error: Package: gdal-libs-1.9.2-4.el6.x86_64 (pgdg93)
Requires: libgta.so.0()(64bit)
The issue is the dependency packages are not distributed with yum postgresql repo. Most of these are in the RHEL Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux (EPEL) repo. So if you get these errors, do the following:
The master mirror are located at http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel.
For CentOS 6, RHEL 6 64-bit use:
sudo rpm -ivh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
For CentOS 6, RHEL 6 32-bit use:
sudo rpm -ivh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
For CentOS 5, RHEL 5 64-bit use:
sudo rpm -ivh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/5/x86_64/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm
For CentOS 5, RHEL 5 32-bit use:
sudo rpm -ivh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/5/i386/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm
Since we are on CentOS 6 64-bit we went with the first set.
sudo rpm -ivh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
You should get a screen that looks something like this if successful
Retrieving http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm warning: /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.C2K8LE: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 0608b895: NOKEY Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:epel-release ########################################### [100%]
Now we repeat the above command again:
sudo yum install postgis2_93
After the above, you should see a screen that looks like this:
Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================ Installing: gdal-libs x86_64 1.9.2-4.el6 pgdg93 3.8 M postgis2_93 x86_64 2.1.1-1.rhel6 pgdg93 5.0 M Installing for dependencies: CharLS x86_64 1.0-1.el6 epel 73 k armadillo x86_64 3.800.2-1.el6 epel 16 k atlas x86_64 3.8.4-2.el6 base 2.8 M blas x86_64 3.2.1-4.el6 base 321 k cfitsio x86_64 3.240-3.el6 epel 498 k freexl x86_64 1.0.0d-1.el6 epel 31 k geos x86_64 3.4.2-1.rhel6 pgdg93 529 k giflib x86_64 4.1.6-3.1.el6 base 37 k hdf5 x86_64 1.8.5.patch1-7.el6 epel 1.4 M json-c x86_64 0.10-2.el6 epel 24 k lcms-libs x86_64 1.19-1.el6 base 100 k libdap x86_64 3.11.0-1.el6 epel 445 k libgeotiff x86_64 1.4.0-1.el6 pgdg93 749 k libgta x86_64 1.0.2-2.el6 epel 31 k libspatialite x86_64 2.4.0-0.6.RC4.el6 epel 611 k libtool-ltdl x86_64 2.2.6-15.5.el6 base 44 k netcdf x86_64 4.1.1-3.el6.5 epel 4.8 M openjpeg-libs x86_64 1.3-10.el6_5 updates 60 k poppler x86_64 0.12.4-3.el6_0.1 base 557 k poppler-data noarch 0.4.0-1.el6 base 2.2 M postgis2_93-client x86_64 2.1.1-1.rhel6 pgdg93 122 k proj x86_64 4.8.0-2.rhel6 pgdg93 172 k unixODBC x86_64 2.2.14-12.el6_3 base 378 k xerces-c x86_64 3.0.1-20.el6 base 866 k Transaction Summary ============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================ Install 26 Package(s) Total download size: 25 M Installed size: 113 M
Is this ok [y/N]:
Click y
After you are done you should have a screen like this:
Installed: gdal-libs.x86_64 0:1.9.2-4.el6 postgis2_93.x86_64 0:2.1.1-1.rhel6 Dependency Installed:CharLS.x86_64 0:1.0-1.el6 armadillo.x86_64 0:3.800.2-1.el6 ..
Note that after all this, you still need to enable PostGIS in each database you will want to use it in. We'll cover that later in this article after we are done setting up the PostgreSQL service.
pgRouting is also now available via Yum. Devrim was kind enough to add CGAL to the repo to simplify the install a bit. So If you want to use pgRouting with PostGIS, it should be a simple:
yum install pgrouting_93
If you plan to run multiple versions of PostgreSQL e.g. stable 9.3 and devl 9.4, on the same server (so they use different ports), or you just need to be in control of all your options, you'll want to tweak your services scripts a bit. The best way to do that is to edit/create a file in /etc/sysconfig/pgsql/postgresql-9.3 with your preferred changes:
Note that # are remarks to you so don't type them in
su root vi /etc/sysconfig/pgsql/postgresql-9.3
if the file doesn't exist -- it will be blank which is okay: Click i to insert a line and start typing. I generally like to run on non-standard ports just to avoid postgresql bots blindly pinging on 5432. You also need to run on different ports if you have multiple instances running on same server. Note: PGDATA you don't need to add unless you are unhappy with the default location.
My file when I am done will look something like this
PGPORT=5438 PGDATA=/pgdata93
Click Escape key followed by :w :q (:w saves the file and :q exits)
With the Yum setup each version of postgresql goes in its own separate folder, so you can easily have parallel installs of different versions of PostgreSQL without worring about overriding the default data folder. Devrim has the details of these changes in What-is-new-in-PostgreSQL-9.0-RPMs.html.
I'll reiterate the key elements and consequences of these changes you need to watch out for.
If you want the service to start up on reboot, then simply do this:
su root service postgresql-9.3 initdb service postgresql-9.3 start chkconfig --list #(to see list of services) chkconfig postgresql-9.3 on #(to have start on bootup)
/usr/pgsql-9.3/bin/postgresql93-setup initdb
#to enable service on start-up
systemctl enable postgresql-9.3The data cluster is created by default in /var/lib/pgsql/9.3/data and the extensions folder is in /usr/pgsql-9.3/share/extension/ and the binaries
are in /usr/pgsql-9.3/bin. To use psql, you can generally get away with just typing psql without the full path, but if you have multiple installations of PostgreSQL, you're better off being explicit which one you want.
To connect to your postgres server do this:
su postgres /usr/pgsql-9.3/bin/psql -p 5432
To install the adminpack useful for viewing logs and editing postgresql.conf from the comfort of PgAdmin, don't forget to install the admin pack
su postgres /usr/pgsql-9.3/bin/psql -p 5432 -c "CREATE EXTENSION adminpack;"
On startup do a:
service postgresql-9.3 status You should see a pid runnig ... message if all is good. If it says stopped, then check your /var/lib/pgsql/9.3/data/pg_log last log file which usually lists what went wrong. Often times it's usually caused by a typo you introduced in pg_hba.conf or postgresql.conf .
su postgres psql -p 5432 #or whatever port you chose CREATE role regina LOGIN PASSWORD 'whateveryouwant' SUPERUSER;
At the psql prompt: type the query below to verify the location of your cluster:
SELECT setting FROM pg_settings WHERE name = 'config_file';which should return an answer of where your configuration file is:
setting ----------------------------------------- /var/lib/pgsql/9.3/data/postgresql.confor The location of where you setup your cluster.
then do a \q to exit the psql console
After that:
cd /var/lib/pgsql/9.3/data (or the location of your data cluster) vi postgresql.conf
#make changes to memory, enable etc.
change #listen_addresses='localhost' to listen_addresses='*' if you want postgresql to run on all ips. You can set to a specific if you have multiple ips too.
if you need to change ports and data cluster -- don't do it in postgresql.conf -- remember in /etc/sysconfig/pgsql/postgresql-9.3
vi pg_hba.conf #make changes to access .e.g add a line below if you want to be able to access postgresql from external. host all all 0.0.0.0/0 md5
service postgresql-9.3 restart
Whenever you change the pg_hba.conf file, you need to do a restart or a:
service postgresql-9.3 reload
for the changes to take effect.
If you want to create a new database that is PostGIS enabled, do this:
su postgres /usr/pgsql-9.3/bin/psql -p 5432
In psql command prompt type following:
CREATE ROLE gisdb_user LOGIN PASSWORD 'whatever'; CREATE DATABASE gisdb WITH OWNER gisdb_user; \connect gisdb; CREATE EXTENSION postgis; SELECT postgis_full_version(); --if you want a side of pgRouting with PostGIS -- add this -- CREATE EXTENSION pgrouting; SELECT * FROM pgr_version(); \q \exit
The output of the postgis_full_version() command should be something like:
POSTGIS="2.1.1 r12113" GEOS="3.4.2-CAPI-1.8.2 r3921" PROJ="Rel. 4.8.0, 6 March 2012" GDAL="GDAL 1.9.2, released 2012/10/08" LIBXML="2.7.6" LIBJSON="UNKNOWN" RASTERif postgis is properly installed.
The output of SELECT * FROM pgr_version();; should be something like:
version | tag | build | hash | branch | boost ---------+-----------------+-------+---------+--------+-------- 2.0.0 | pgrouting-2.0.0 | 0 | f26831f | master | 1.41.0
If after all those changes, you still can't access your PostgreSQL server from pgAdmin external, verify if you have firewall running. The Image I grabbed had iptables on.
su root service iptables status
Just for perspective, our rule table looked like this before. As you can see no rule to enable postgres access.
Table: filter Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) num target prot opt source destination 1 ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED 2 ACCEPT icmp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 3 ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 4 ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:22 5 ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:80 6 ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:443 7 REJECT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-host-prohibited Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) num target prot opt source destination 1 REJECT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-host-prohibited Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) num target prot opt source destination
service iptables stop
Verify you can connect after turning off. Okay now turn back on. The below example will enable tcp ports 5432-5438 (which we will use for postgres services) and insert the rule in the chain INPUT at row 7. Note my 10th rule is to reject all, so want all my access rules to be before that.
service iptables start iptables -I INPUT 7 -p tcp --dport 5432:5438 -j ACCEPT service iptables save service iptables restart
After we were done, it looked like this:
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) num target prot opt source destination 1 ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED 2 ACCEPT icmp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 3 ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 4 ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:22 5 ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:80 6 ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:443 7 ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpts:5432:5438 8 REJECT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-host-prohibited Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) num target prot opt source destination 1 REJECT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-host-prohibited Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) num target prot opt source destination